373 results
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Pathophysiology EXOGENOUS ... components Exogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... vasculature via: • Active ... organs CNS - Endogenous
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
Mottling suggests active ... endogenous vasoconstriction ... not additional exogenous
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Dermatology
Allergic Contact Dermatitis 
- Erythematous, indurated, scaly plaques 
- T-cell mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity response to exogenous
hypersensitivity response to exogenous ... Allergic #Allergy #Dermatology
Headache Differential - Primary vs Secondary
A vast number of diseases can cause a headache. We divide
of diseases can cause ... headaches are caused ... by various exogenous
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: → Exogenous ... pro-inflammatroy mediators (Endogenous ... Pyrogen) → Endogenous ... vasculature via: • Active ... circumventricular organs CNS: Endogenous
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
inhibitors • Urea: Exogenous ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes
Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated FSH
 • Premature Ovarian Failure
 • Menopa use
 • Spontaneous
Bleed With
Diabetes Mellitus • Exogenous ... Hyperprolactinemia Organic Cause ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Severe K depletion, Exogenous ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Causes