11 results
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... The most common causes ... the hospital, diagnosed ... with MS, and started ... #Syndrome #PhysicalExam
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... Upper Extremity ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #msk
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
Other (rare): - Reye ... syndrome (Peds) ... - Primary carnitine ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
- Differential Diagnosis ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... #differential #diagnosis ... #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Primary and Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Hypoglycemia Anatomy ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... #differential #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... reflexes) • Urinary ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... paralysis of all extremity ... , bradycardia, urinary ... Guillain-Barre Diagnosis
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... Casey Albin MD @ ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Vaginal dryness • Primary ... Diagnosis: • Dry ... eyes • Salivary ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... phenomenon (16%) MSK