12 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
= [FiO2 x (Patm ... Elevation, Low Fio2 ... #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
) PIO2 - atmospheric ... oxygen dissolved in arterial ... hemoglobin in arterial ... oxygen content of arterial ... #pulmonary #differential
Hypoxemia in Anesthesiology - Differential Diagnosis and Management 

Management: 

• increase Fi02 to 100% - verify!
- Differential ... Management: ... • increase Fi02 ... • arterial blood ... #Differential #
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Hypoxemic Respiratory ... Failure - Differential ... gravity-dependent gradients ... shunting (eg, atrial ... #Differential #
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary A defect in arterial ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... Quantifies degree of hypoxemia ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... dissolved in the PaO2/FiO2 ... evidence of left atrial ... of the spiral arteries ... edema #causes #differential
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
check measured FiO2 ... Breathing - exclude hypoxia ... consider intra-arterial ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis and Management

Pneumonia Signs/Symptoms:
 • Confusion/disorientation (LR + 1.9)
 • Cough
Diagnosis and Management ... (LR + 2.7) • Hypoxia ... • PaO2/FiO2 ratio ... or CT Scan Bacterial ... CAP #Diagnosis #Management
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
check measured FiO2 ... help AND check arterial ... Airway #Pressure #Differential ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Cardiac Arrest - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

The probable cause is one or more of: something
check measured FiO2 ... 4 H’s, 4 T’s: Hypoxia ... CardiacArrest #Checklist #Differential ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management