18 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Asthma vs COPD Presentation ... Variably abnormal spirometry ... bronchodilator, Spirometry ... chest, Pursed lip breathing ... Persistently abnormal spirometry
First-line therapies for Asthma, Asthma-COPD Overlap and COPD

The diagnosis of COPD, asthma, and ACO initially requires
Asthma, Asthma-COPD ... Overlap and COPD ... The diagnosis of COPD ... symptoms, and spirometry ... Diagnosis #Management #ACOPD
COPD phenotypes:  Blue Bloaters vs. Pink Puffers
The two most stereotypical forms of COPD are pink
COPD phenotypes: ... increased work of breathing ... increased work of breathing ... in the work of breathing ... #Diagnosis #COPD
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Hoover's Sign

Hoover’s sign refers to inward movement of the lower rib cage during inspiration- instead of
associated with COPD ... COPD, and more specifically ... Sign #Pulmonary #COPD ... Video #Clinical #Breathing
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COPD Physical Exam Likelihood Ratios
Barrel Chest - LR 1.5
Pursed Lip Breathing - LR 2.7
Reduced breath sounds
COPD Physical Exam ... 1.5 Pursed Lip Breathing ... SatyaPatelMD #COPD
Tracheal Descent Sign

Paradoxical inward movement of the trachea during inspiration. Seen in this COPD patient in
Seen in this COPD ... respiratory #pulmonary #breathing ... #Trachea #COPD
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Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
and Rhythm of Breathing ... Rapid Shallow Breathing ... Rapid Deep Breathing ... Slow Breathing ( ... bronchitis, and COPD
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
20/min, shallow breathing ... > 20/min, deep breathing ... • Asthma • COPD