11 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Lung cancer • Renal ... Risk factors for BAH ... patients • ↓ BP ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... thrombosis • Renal ... catheterization • BPH ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #nephrology #renal
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Effect: The left renal ... blood in left renal ... Secondary: - Renal ... #Signs #Symptoms
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
eg, presence of renal ... bruit or signs ... • Vascular: Renal ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... gas transport, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... hours or longer/BP ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
Acute or chronic renal ... bladder stones #BPH ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC)

Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis:
1) Acute kidney injury
2) Abrupt onset of hypertension
3)
Scleroderma Renal ... of Scleroderma Renal ... anemia (MAHA) Pathophysiology ... Monitoring • Renal ... #Scleroderma #Renal
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... asymmetric arm BP ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic