31 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Gross hematuria + clots ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #urology #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... - Inability to differentiate ... patient is still able ... to copy Causes ... #neurology #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... antihypertensive agents from ... with previously stable ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
kidney K wasting from ... other causes. ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... shifts result from ... changes and may cause ... #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... the most common cause ... Pathophysiology: ... Agraphia #clinical #neurology ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
nonspecific, result from ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential # ... Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Shock - Differential ... findings based on cause ... anaphylaxis, release syndrome ... #Diagnosis #table ... #comparison #criticalcare