8 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Step 2. ... Assess volume status ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... • Neoplastic Abscess ... • Neoplastic Abscess ... - Excesses • Liver ... #Causes
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
acute vs. chronic) 2) ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... history (cardiac, liver ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic ... Evaluation Algorithm ... elevated Step 2: ... Gravity Step 3: Assess ... considered likely, the cause
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Assess volume status ... the underlying cause ... include vaptans (HF/liver
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... CAR-T- and IL-2- ... amyloidosis) • Liver ... chemotherapy, nausea