9 results
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation ... lupus erythematosus ... • Fever is the main ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology ... #Rheumatology
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Antinuclear Antibodies ... Antibody refers to antibodies ... assay (IFA) is the main ... #Antinuclear #Antibodies ... ANA #patterns #rheumatology
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
Allergen-specific lgE antibodies ... - Local and systemic ... Complement activation ... glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis ... , and systemic lupus
Causes of Isolated Neutropenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Congenital
Medications
 • Anticonvulsants
 • Antibiotics
 • Antithyroid
 • Antihypertensive
• Epstein-Barr Virus ... Destruction • Systemic ... Lupus Erythematosus ... • Rheumatoid Arthritis ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
SLE (Systemic Lupus ... Non-autoimmune rheumatologic ... : • Joint pain ... 1, SCL-70, RNP antibodies ... Chronic B-cell activation
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Action: IgG/lgM antibodies ... to complement activation ... glomerulonephritis, Systemic ... lupus erythematosus ... T-cells recruit macrophages
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
rapidly progressing GN ... inflammation Others: • Lupus ... lupus erythematosus ... C-ANCA) pattern: antibodies ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... affected joint • Systemic ... lupus erythematosus ... double-stranded DNA antibodies ... , and low back pain
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
of the immune system ... termed MAS-HLH: Macrophage ... Activation Syndrome ... inhibitors, anti-IFN-γ antibodies ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology