12 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... also be seen if ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... of glomerular hematuria ... : - RBC casts ... Suggestive of glomerular
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... HAGMA • Late complication ... Cast formation: ... of underlying disease ... #treatment #nephrology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... pulmonary TB PE ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
EGPA) • Renal: (AKI ... quantify renal injury ... Goodpasture's cause ... hematuria, RBC casts ... hypercellular glomeruli
Lipiduria Pathophysiology
1) Damaged glomerular basement membrane allows plasma lipids to escape into Bowman's space and enter
1) Damaged glomerular ... and enter the glomerular ... significant (a marker of glomerular ... such as Fabry disease ... The lipid in casts
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
bronchial wall injury ... inflammation Symptoms ... moderate-to-severe cases ... Nasal polyps and signs ... Complications
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
tract, and often causes ... Vasculitis - Skin, glomeruli ... : - Kidneys: glomerular ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: strong sign
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
mellitus, thyroid disease ... Prolonged shoulder injury ... a stroke that caused ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #stages
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... • Kidneys: Non-glomerular ... • Progressive symptoms ... tract, and often causes