3 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... medications, pancreatic dysfunction ... total body stores Evaluation ... leukopenia and/or low ... pit, low retic
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
renal tubular dysfunction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... Performance thorough ... with valvular dysfunction ... or LV dysfunction ... Orthopedic • Low