14 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Anorexia GI Losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Excessive GI losses ... renal tubular dysfunction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... of phase 4 to slow ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
death -> end-organ dysfunction ... Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
death -> end-organ dysfunction ... Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... medications, pancreatic dysfunction ... total body stores Evaluation ... leukopenia and/or low ... pit, low retic
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... Performance thorough ... ASA class If ... or LV dysfunction ... Orthopedic • Low
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)

Functional obstruction may be caused by detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), either at the level
obstruction may be caused ... the most common cause ... Other causes of ... for complicated cases ... evaluation.