11 results
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
moving back to resting ... Phase 4 - True Resting ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
type 4) - Salt wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... • ↓ slope of phase ... • ↓ slope of phase ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm ... suggest renal K wasting ... Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... TTKG #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Performance thorough ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Orthopedic • Low ... surgery Stress Testing ... preoperative stress testing
Perhaps quite too often, the knee-jerk reaction to an elevated Troponin is to call our friends
alterations in the setting ... only 5% of the resting ... coronary blood flow ... Isovolumetric phase ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Perhaps quite too often, the knee-jerk reaction to an elevated Troponin is to call our friends
alterations in the setting ... only 5% of the resting ... coronary blood flow ... Isovolumetric phase ... clinica l#foamed #algorithm
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... confirmed via genetic testing ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Increased distal flow ... diuresis, salt-wasting ... Increased secretion of potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification