12 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #low #uricacid
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... #differential # ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
moving back to resting ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... : CLASS 1 - Sodium ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia
There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
A lazy man's classification ... osmolality and urinary sodium ... cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #Differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Supplement: • Potassium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... confirmed via genetic testing ... correcting serum potassium ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
diuresis, salt-wasting ... Increased secretion of potassium ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification