28 results
Freiberg's Test for Piriformis Syndrome

Flex the hip to 90 degrees, internally rotate the hip.
Pain in the
for Piriformis Syndrome ... Flex the hip ... #Piriformis #syndrome ... lumbar #clinical #video ... #physicalexam #msk
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Brucellosis - Viruses: HIV ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... Effusions: - Hematologic ... Osteochondroma Hematologic ... differential #diagnosis #msk
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
: • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome ... , HIV) • Glucocorticoid ... hypogammaglobulinemia #immunology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... epidural hematoma • Infection ... lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Idiopathic • Infections ... - HIV • Immune ... immunodeficiency virus (HIV ... Anemia #oncology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... ), compartment syndrome ... • ED Management ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
antibiotic use, infections ... Stevens-Johnson syndrome ... injury (by acid reflux ... promote esophageal reflux ... Necrosis #diagnosis #management
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
• Initial Management ... tibia/fibula) and hip ... progressive inflammatory infection ... cord function and reflex ... bulbocarvenosus reflex
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... Signs and symptoms ... • Acute: - IV ... sclerosis #diagnosis #management
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
Overwhelming clinical syndrome ... Diagnosis: HLH signs ... can mimic common infections ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #hematology