10 results
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Positive ANAAutoimmune ... SLE), Sjogren's Syndrome ... Arthritis, Sjögren Syndrome ... #patterns #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #differential
Classification of Vasculitis 
Vasculitis of large vessels 
 - Arteritis temporalis (giant-cell arteritis) 
 - Takayasu
small vessels - ANCA-associated ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... lupus erythematosus ... - Sjögren syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
less common diseases ... Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease ... • Systemic lupus ... polychondritis • Behcet disease ... spectrum disorder • ANCA-associated
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
findings (ANA, ... Diagnosis: • ANCA-associated ... rheumatologic diseases ... Shrinking lung syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... : • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome ... lupus erythematosus ... differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hypocomplementemia - CHAMPS Mnemonic
C - Cryoglobulinemia (85%), C3 glomerulopathy, cirrhosis
H - Heavy Chain deposition
Chain deposition disease ... Atypical HUS, autoimmune ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Lupus Erythematosus ... #diagnosis #differential
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... diseases: - 10% ... 20% Sjögren's syndrome ... DDX: • ANCA (Antineutrophil ... lupus erythematosus
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
• Heavy Chain disease ... capillary leak syndrome ... Hyperviscosity syndrome ... (Dermato-neuro syndrome ... Sneddon-Wilkinson disease
Autoimmune Myositis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Myopathies: Commonly symmetric proximal muscle weakness, no substantial muscle pain
Antisynthetase syndrome ... or head drop • ANA ... ANTI-SYNTHETASE SYNDROME ... paraneoplastic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
: syßtemic lupus ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... End-stage renal disease ... antiphospholipid syndrome