13 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... salt diet #Renal ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... and distal RTA, ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... Tubular Acidosis ... #NonAnionGap #Acidosis ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Differential Algorithm Acidosis ... - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... - Low TTKG • RTA ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... deficiency • Renal ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... deficiency • Renal ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... potassium #high #nephrology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
resulting in end-organ damage ... depressed) • Renal ... : metabolic acidosis ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... management #Overview #criticalcare