9 results
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Primary and Secondary ... Flags and Differential ... Non-Vascular - Increased/Decreased ... #causes #primary ... #neurology
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
hypotension - Nausea ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... - Amenorrhea, decreased ... delayed puberty - Headache ... Insufficiency #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... → Syncope • Signs ... sweaty skin - Decreased ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia ... #diagnosis #causes
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... coagulopathy, decreased ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... Symptoms: • Headache ... /L) • Mildly decreased ... Acute meningeal signs ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... periodic paralysis Decreased ... hyperaldosteronism, Secondary ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... systemic sx + signs ... very remarkable w/differential ... claudication, headaches ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... 50 years • New headache ... artery tenderness - decreased ... affects the skin, neurologic ... tract, and often causes