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Management and Complications of Cirrhosis and Ascites

Ascites Workup Algorithm
Ascites Management
Refractory Ascites
Hyponatremia
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
Hepatic Hydrothorax
AKI in
Complications of Cirrhosis ... Ascites Workup Algorithm ... Refractory Ascites Hyponatremia ... diagnosis #management #gastroenterology ... #hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
liver disease (cirrhosis ... 10% Congestive heart ... failure - 3-5% ... , Pancreatic, Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... disease Congestive heart ... failure (chronic ... #Differential #Hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... protein ≥ 2.5 g/dL: Heart ... failure/constrictive ... syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... albumin #gradient #hepatology
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Congestive • Right Heart ... Failure • Budd-Chiari ... Cholangitis • Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis #Hepatomegaly ... #Causes #Hepatology
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
- Hepatic: • Cirrhosis ... • Acute liver failure ... • Primary biliary ... Post-Hepatic: • Heart ... #Hepatology #causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... : Hypovolemia, Heart ... failure, Cirrhosis ... #differential #algorithm
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic ... : Hypovolemia, Heart ... failure, Cirrhosis ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Diagnosis Algorithm

#Primary #Biliary #Cirrhosis #PBC #Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis (PBC) ... - Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Cirrhosis #PBC ... #hepatology
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Clinical Guidelines

ACLF = possibly reversible condition in those with CLD (± cirrhosis)
those with CLD (± cirrhosis ... Lung Failure ... Kidney Failure ... #Cirrhosis #Hepatology ... #gastroenterology