20 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Secondary to chronic lung ... disease (COPD) ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology ... #Diagnosis #ECG
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... : Atelectasis, ARDS ... , Interstitial Lung ... #differential #diagnosis
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
- Differential Diagnosis ... Diffuse Lung Disease ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... Arterial Hypertension ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira (interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii)
Risk Factors:
 • Occupational exposure - Farmers, ranchers, trappers, veterinarians
 • Recreational
kirschneri, noguchii) Risk ... canoeing, kayaking, trail ... failure • Severe pulmonary ... disease ARDS Diagnosis ... #treatment #management
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
with an increased risk ... coronary heart disease ... • Increased risk ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Pathophysiology #causes #cardiology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... absence of intrinsic lung ... on radioactive lung ... hepatopulmonary #syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
- Differential Diagnosis ... acute cardiac disease ... respiratory distress syndrome ... Transfusion-related acute lung ... #cardiology
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
regurgitation) Diagnosis ... Ventilation-perfusion lung ... have inoperable disease ... pro-BNP levels • Risk ... #management
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... sparing of the lung ... blood retum in serial ... #management #treatment
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... disease • Drugs ... cardiovascular risk ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology