8 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... • Ventricular Septal ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Septal Defect ... to Left Shunt
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) with Shunting on Echocardiogram with Contrast (a4c)

An elderly patient with dyspnea -
Atrial Septal Defect ... (a4c) An elderly ... #Septal #Defect ... #Contrast #a4c ... clinical #pocus #bubble
ASD on Bubble Contrast Echocardiogram (a4c)
A patient with an anterior STEMI (take a look at the
ASD on Bubble Contrast ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... Ivan_Echocardio #atrial ... #septal #defect ... #ASD #Bubble #Contrast
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
defects) VENTILATION ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... shunting (eg, atrial ... or ventricular septal ... defects) • Does
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
or anatomic shunt ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC) ... scanning or pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
more • Diffusion ... Defect: Pulmonary ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Small secundum ASD ... left to right shunt ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
pulmonary hypertension ... Early transit of bubbles ... R➡️L shunt as RAP ... >LAP as atrial septum ... clinical #pocus #a4c