8 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... #bubble #shunting ... #hepatology #clinical
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... Right to Left Shunt ... ** • Atrial Septal ... Defect Pulmonary ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
in Right Atrium ... left to right shunt ... #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... or anatomic shunt ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC) ... management #treatment #hepatology
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
the Newborn - Differential ... Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Left-to-Right Shunt ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Cyanosis #Newborn #Differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... VIQ mismatch and shunt ... pulmonary AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... shunting (eg, atrial ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Pulmonary AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Defect: Pulmonary ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Double Shunt on ... Early transit of bubbles ... #2 c/w hepatopulmonary ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... clinical #pocus #a4c