8 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... #bubble #shunting ... #hepatology #clinical
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Right to Left Shunt ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Right to Left Shunt ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... 1) or anatomic shunt ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC) ... management #treatment #hepatology
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... embolus SHUNT ... AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... shunting (eg, atrial ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
- Differential Diagnosis ... Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Total Anomalous Pulmonary ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #differential #diagnosis
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
liver disease and pulmonary ... Early transit of bubbles ... #2 c/w hepatopulmonary ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... left to right shunt ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble