17 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Arterial Hypertension ... Right to Left Shunt ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Right to Left Shunt
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
VIQ mismatch and shunt ... lung diseases, pulmonary ... asthma, COPD, pulmonary ... embolus SHUNT ... shunting (eg, atrial
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Right-to-Left Shunt ... (↑Shunting), ↓Perfusion ... #Hypoxia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Acute Hypoxemia ... Alkalosis • Shunt ... Hemorrhage • Impaired Diffusion ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Hypoxemia ... #hypoxia #Differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #bubble #shunting
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
1) or anatomic shunt ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... blood gas (ABC) ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... scanning or pulmonary
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Left-to-Right Shunt ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Total Anomalous Pulmonary ... Right-to-Left Shunt
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
consistent with pulmonary ... explained by pleural effusions ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... by the ratio of arterial ... severity of the hypoxemia
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Double Shunt on ... liver disease and pulmonary ... Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... clinical #pocus #a4c