8 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #bubble #shunting
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... Right to Left Shunt ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... shunting (eg, atrial ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... 1) or anatomic shunt ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC) ... hepatopulmonary #syndrome
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... - Differential ... left to right shunt ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... disease - Renal ultrasound ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... selective renal intra-arterial ... • Cushing’s syndrome
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Double Shunt on ... Early transit of bubbles ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... clinical #pocus #a4c