6 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Intracardiac Right ... to Left Shunt ... ** • Atrial Septal ... Right to Left Shunt
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... being noted in the right ... with intracardiac shunt ... #bubble #shunting
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
in Right Atrium ... shunt 2. ... #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Sulfhemoglobin Left-to-Right ... Shunt: • Patent ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Venous Return Right-to-Left
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
or anatomic shunt ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... cardiac cycles after right ... atrial passage ... gas (ABC) analysis
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Age-Adjusted Gradient • Right ... Defect: Pulmonary ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential