7 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Right to Left Shunt ... ** • Atrial Septal ... Defect Pulmonary ... Hypoventilation Syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #bubble #shunting
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... VIQ mismatch and shunt ... pulmonary embolus SHUNT ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... shunting (eg, atrial
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... or anatomic shunt ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC)
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
in Right Atrium ... left to right shunt ... #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Defect: Pulmonary ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Double Shunt on ... Early transit of bubbles ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... clinical #pocus #a4c