14 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... of Hypercalcemia ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... , Hypermagnesemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Testing #Causes #differential
Differential Diagnosis for ST Segment Elevations
 - ACUTE STEMI 
 - PULMONARY EMBOLISM 
 - LBBB
BRUGADA SIGN (SYNDROME ... PERICARDITIS - HYPERKALEMIA ... REPOLARIZATION - HYPERCALCEMIA ... ANEURYSM - LVH (HIGH ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Malnutrition with Hypomagnesemia ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential #
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... polyendocrinopathy • Hypomagnesemia ... HIGH PTH - ... Tumor lysis syndrome ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... pathophysiology #Hypokalemia
Recurrent Polymorphic VT/Torsades de Pointes - Management Algorithm
Drugs that prolong QT interval:
 • Class 1a (quinidine,
Congenital long QT Syndrome ... Abnormalities: Hypomagnesemia ... • Hypokalemia ... • Hypocalcemia ( ... rarely) Treatment
The chemical formula of Digoxin is C41 H64 O14.
Digoxin (Cardiac glycoside) reversibly inhibits the sodium-potassium-ATPase, causing
intracellular potassium ... , hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... Hypokalemia is a ... the successful treatment
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... diagnosis #management #hematology