1081 results
Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Alkalosis
A. Central nervous system stimulation: Pain, Anxiety, psychosis, Fever, Cerebrovascular accident,
Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory ... Stimulation of chest ... Hemothorax, Flail chest ... failure, Mechanical hyperventilation ... Miscellaneous: Obesity, Hypoventilation
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Gradient • Alveolar Hypoventilation ... : CNS of Respiratory ... Center, Obesity Hypoventilation ... Weakness, Loss of Chest ... Elasticity (flail chest
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Breathing Normal The respiratory ... disease, pleuritic chest ... Breathing (Hyperpnea, Hyperventilation ... , drug-induced respiratory ... visibility of hyperventilation
Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Social Factors
 • Parenting and infant attachment
 • Childhood illness/abuse
 •
Incr Heart rate, hyperventilation ... nausea, dyspnea, chest ... diaphoresis • Hyperventilation ... -> respiratory
Pediatric Trauma Primary Survey: C-ABCDE
C - Catastrophic Bleeding - Life-threatening hemorrhage
 • Apply direct pressure/compression bandage
sedation needs B - Respiratory ... • Decompress chest ... thoracostomy, chest ... tube • Consider chest ... brief period of hyperventilation
Table of Breathing Patterns and Their Associated Conditions
Apnea
Biot's respirations
Bradypnea
Cheyne-Stokes respirations	
Hyperpnea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Kussmaul respirations
Orthopnea
Paradoxic ventilation
Sighing respirations
Tachypnea
Hoover's sign

#Breathing #Patterns #Diagnosis
respirations Hyperpnea Hyperventilation ... Hypoventilation
CAPNOGRAPHY 
Provides a measure of ventilation – or concentration of CO2 exhaled air (aka end tidal
Apnea or hypoventilation ... detect Apnea or hypoventilation ... #curarecleft #hypoventilation ... #hyperventilation
Capnography Waveforms
Sudden loss of waveform
 • ET tube disconnected, dislodged, kinked or obstructec
 • Loss of
Asthma • COPD Hypoventilation ... Hyperventilation
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Atelectasis Central Hypoventilation ... Hypothyroidism Peripheral Hypoventilation ... • Obesity Hypoventilation ... Abnormalities • Chest
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations on Physical Exam
Cheyne-Stokes is a type of breathing disorder characterized by cyclical episodes of
or hypopnea and hyperventilation ... video #pulmonary #Respiratory