14 results
Causes of Hypocomplementemia - CHAMPS Mnemonic
C - Cryoglobulinemia (85%), C3 glomerulopathy, cirrhosis
H - Heavy Chain deposition
Causes of Hypocomplementemia ... , type 1 (50%-80% ... ), type II (80-90% ... @AnnKumfer #Hypocomplementemia ... #Low #Complement
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
antigen, leading to complement ... Type Ill - IgG and ... Complement activation ... Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ... #Classification
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
often involved • Hypocomplementemic ... Urticaria and hypocomplementemia ... , Glomerulonephritis ... against MPO • Complement ... #rheumatology #classification
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ... staining): • Low Complement ... Idiopathic • Normal Complement ... #Vasculitis #differential ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
- Mediators: IgG ... Mechanism of Action: IgG ... they activate complement ... Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ... allergy #table #classification
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Skin ulcers - Glomerulonephritis ... Types: • Type ... • Low serum C4 complement ... • Vasculitis ... #classification
Hypersensitivity: Summary
Type I Hypersensitivity:
 • Immunological Mediator: lgE
 • Immunological Target: Allergen Molecules
 • Ex: Antibiotic
conjunctivitis Type ... Mediator: IgM + IgG ... Immunological Mediator: IgG ... Post-infectious glomerulonephritis ... #Classification
IGG-4 RELATED DISEASE

WHAT?
 • A chronic, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease with tumefactive infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells
IGG-4 RELATED DISEASE ... • Pancreas: Type ... aortitis, mimics vasculitis ... - ↑ IgE, ↓ complement ... • Classification
Subtypes of Serum Proteins

Pre-albumin (Transthyretin)
Albumin
Globulins
 • Alpha-1: Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Serum amyloid A, Ceruloplasmin, Corticosteroid-binding globulin (Transcortin),
• Gamma: IgM, IgG ... Proteins #Subtypes #algorithm ... #classification ... #Types #hematology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
or alternative complement ... for ANCA-related vasculitis ... cryoglobulinemias (types ... workup #diagnosis #glomerulonephritis