23 results
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
- Chronic hyperglycemia ... be the primary cause ... hyperfiltration - Hyperglycemia ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
FIGURE 2. CHALAZION.  

Hordeola and chalazia are two common causes of the red, swollen eyelid
are two common causes ... #Clinical #Ophthalmology ... #Photo #Chalazion
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... = nonspecific (nausea ... ascites, jaundice, hypoglycemia ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Horner's Syndrome: Loss of sympathetic nervous system input to (in this case) right eye. 
Note that
input to (in this case ... etiology in this case ... Images #Clinical #Ophthalmology ... #Photo #Horners
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... disc arterioles causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Hyperkalemia, Hypoglycemia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
RPE -> Loss of photo ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Presbyopia • Hyperglycemia ... Concussion Other Causes ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes