6 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
demonstrating the right ... ventricle (RV), right ... atrium (RA), left ... EM #Cardiology #POCUS ... #FourChamber #ALiEM
Negative contrast effect = a washout of the contrast (agitated saline) in the right atrium in
Negative contrast ... saline) in the right ... atrium in a patient ... septal #defect #a4c ... clinical #cardiology #pocus
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Atrium - Differential ... #Atrium #RA #Differential ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... • Coagulase-negative ... Septic Emboli Cause Injury ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... • Left sided > Right
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... time again we might ... liver or renal injury ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... gluconeogenesis Liver Injury
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
- Overview and Differential ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Septic emboli cause injury ... • Left sided > Right