195 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
pseudogout • Trauma ... Repetitive strain injury ... Red Flags: • Trauma ... • Crush injury ... extremity #msk #physicalexam
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... -> Trauma, disc
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes
Anterior Cord Syndrome:
 • Bilateral loss of motor, pain and temperature sensation below
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... below level of injury ... • Hyperflexion injury ... Hyperextension injury ... • Penetrating trauma
Causes of Acute Pericarditis:

Infectious;

Viral: 
Adenovirus 
Coxsackie virus A and B 
Echovirus 
Epstein-Barr virus 
Hepatitis 
Human immunodeficiency
Causes of Acute ... Melanoma Sarcoma Trauma ... perforation. chest trauma ... Blunt chest trauma ... Rheumatic fever #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Management Summary Trauma ... , Compartment syndrome ... , Electrical injury ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Management #Summary #causes
Causes of Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis
 • Drugs & Toxins (Statins, alcohol, cocaine)
 • Direct Muscle
Causes of Rhabdomyolysis ... Muscle Damage (Trauma ... /crush injury, burns ... malignant neuroleptic syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Acute spinal cord injury ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... in spinal cord injury ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Transverse Myelitis, Trauma ... Guillain-Barre syndrome ... Phrenic nerve injury ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... • Extrinsic Causes ... other forms of trauma ... • Intrinsic Causes ... herniation - Trauma
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Immune mediated injury ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... Malignancy • Trauma