1236 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
- Massive PO intake ... High #Magnesium #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
relative solute intake ... Excessive Free water intake ... polydipsia), Low solute intake ... differential #diagnosis #table
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
or insufficient intake ... (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal ... response to decreased intake ... , insufficient intake
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor Intake ... Low #Potassium #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Decreased GI Uptake ... - Poor dietary intake ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hyperaldosteronism, Salt water intake ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
losses, poor PO intake ... Differential #Diagnosis #table
Evidence for Epinephrine in OHCA.  ROSC != Neuro Intact Survival 
#EBM #Prehospital #Epinephrine #ROSC #OHCA
= Neuro Intact Survival ... NeuroIntact #Survival #Table
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
to high sodium intake ... #pharmacology #table
Diets and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Diet affects IBD by 3 mechanisms
1. Microbiome ( ↓ diversity)
2. Mucosal
balanced, nutritious Table ... recommended energy intake ... maintaining 25% of daily intake ... Nutrition #comparison #table