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Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases

LIP: lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. NSIP: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. OP: organizing pneumonia.
lung diseases ... I-JIP: usual interstitial ... AIP: acute interstitial ... PSS: Sjogren syndrome ... #Rheumatology #
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
Interstitial Lung ... lung disease (RB-ILD ... Churg Strauss syndrome ... #differential # ... pulmonary #causes
Causes of Interstitial Lung Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia
 • (UIP) Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Differential Diagnosis ... Pneumonia • (UIP ... Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), • Pulmonary ... leaking out of pulmonary ... #ILD #Causes #Differential
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
The idiopathic interstitial ... findings of NSIP, UIP ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #CTChest #Idiopathic ... IdiopathicInterstitialPneumonia #ILD
Ground-glass opacity
Ground-glass opacity (GGO) represents:
- Filling of the alveolar spaces with pus, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation or
lung disease (i.e ... predominance: UIP ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #CTChest #GGO # ... #GroundGlass #Differential
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... Limitation • Interstitial ... lung disease ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Abnormalities • Chest
Figure 3 HRCT-LUS correlation in normal lung, pulmonary congestion, rheumatoid lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Notes: (A)
due to alveolar syndrome ... fibrotic alveolar syndrome ... artifact); (G) UIP ... Diagnosis #HRCT #POCUS ... #Table #ILD #Findings
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... • Parenchyma: ILD ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology ... #dyspnea #sob #differential
COVID-19 Findings on Lung ultrasound
 - Thickened pleural line
 - B lines (multifocal, discrete, or confluent)
19 Findings on Lung ... infection; alveolar interstitial ... syndrome is the ... patients with pulmonary ... #ultrasound #POCUS
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Disease, Interstitial ... Lung Disease ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential