11 results
Normal urine output 
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour 
- A patient should be urinating at least
500 cc/day in adults ... Anuria - ... output #oliguria #anuria ... #laboratory #shock ... #classification
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia ... #Classification
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Congenital (e.g., HHT), Acquired ... Metabolism Severe Anemia ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
shallow breathing in adults ... PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Tachypnea: • Anemia ... Metabolic Causes ... • Hypovolemic shock
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
undifferentiated shock ... is in impending shock ... perfusion - shock ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... #typea #typeb #classification
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Adult form: Less ... Low ALP in adult ... • Pernicious anemia ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Anemia of Hospitalization - Pathophysiology

Why does the Hgb/Hct drop in the first two days during hospitalization?

Interestingly,
Anemia of Hospitalization ... Interestingly, anemia ... contribute to anemia ... loss or acute anemia ... inflammation • Anemia
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Vitamin C is required ... breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... , or any other cause ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
history • Young adults ... Weight loss • Anemia ... Immune hemolytic anemia ... ) Classification ... lymphoma #diagnosis #classification
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
vasculitis in older adults ... systemic complaints- anemia ... least 1-2 cm) is required ... identifies 85 to 95% of cases ... w/in 24 hours) required