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Pulmonary symptoms in HIV-infected patient by CD4 count

By Dr. Sara Dong @swinndong via #IDFellowCase
#ID  #Infectious
Pulmonary symptoms ... in HIV-infected ... patient by CD4 ... Differential #Ddx #Diagnosis ... #AIDS #pneumonia
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
Pulmonary Infections ... in HIV-AIDS Bacterial ... identified, Strep pneumoniae ... < 200: Pulmonary ... HIVAIDS #workup #diagnosis
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Disease by CD4 ... Count: Any CD4 ... Seasonal influenza CD4 ... Blastomycosis CD4 ... #AIDS #pulmonary
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Difficile Infection (CDI ... Toxic Megacolon, Shock ... Epidemiology: • #1 ... post-ABx, but can be community-acquired ... x 1 - Adjunct Tx
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Severity and Prognosis
Criteria for Severe CAP - Severe CAP present in 1
Community Acquired ... CAP present in 1 ... criteria: Septic shock ... #Acquired #Pneumonia ... #severe #psi #diagnosis
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Presenting Features
 • History in favor of CAP: Dyspnea, Cough, particularly if
Community Acquired ... CAP present in 1 ... responsive to IV ... #Acquired #Pneumonia ... #diagnosis #signs
Macrolides - Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin - Antibiotics Class Overview

50S Ribosomal Inhibitor (PO and IV)
Spectrum: Atypical organisms
exacerbations, community-acquired ... pneumonia, sinusitis ... prophylaxis in HIV ... /AIDS patients with ... CD4 <50.
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
ART ↑ improves CD4 ... low pretreatment CD4 ... can occur at any CD4 ... an increase in CD4 ... Depends On: • CD4
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
mucogenicum • HIV ... Complex (MAC): • Acquired ... patients such as: 1. ... Advanced HIV (CD4 ... Diagnosis Of NTM
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Epidemiology: • F > M: 9:1 ... Antinuclear antibodies ≥ 1: ... Can cause TYPE IV ... /aggregate) of CD4 ... , INC risk PE, Pulmonary