11 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
: • Purpura, ischemic ... tract, and often causes ... purpura: strong sign ... Large Vessel: Blood ... #rheumatology #classification
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... Causes of Hematuria ... #urine #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... screen, including blood
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... damage such as retinal ... hypertension (blood ... bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... is unconscious, signs ... New or evolving regional ... invasive arterial blood ... Guidelines for crises
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... - Myocardial ischemia ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
IgA Vasculitis – ... endothelial lining of blood ... periumbilical region), nausea ... Intussusception - Renal ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
: • Purpura, ischemic ... pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... pulses, bruits, or blood ... tract, and often causes