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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Distress Syndrome – ARDS ... Berlin criteria ... sepsis-associated ARDS ... days after dx of ARDS ... RespiratoryDistress #Syndrome #ARDS
Radiographic appearances of pulmonary diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients
 • Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrates: Pneumocystis jirovecii, M.tuberculosis, Histoplasma
diseases in HIV/AIDS ... edema; ARDS, Metastatic ... Actinomyces spp., NHL; Lung ... #differential #diagnosis ... #chestCT #radiology
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... lobar collapse, lung ... severity of the ARDS ... >= 5cm H2O #ARDS ... #CriticalCare
AIDS-defining illnesses
 - Candidiasis of the esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs [(but NOT the mouth (thrush)]
AIDS-defining illnesses ... bronchi, trachea, or lungs ... duration) - Kaposi ... syndrome due to HIV #AIDS ... InfectiousDiseases #Diagnosis
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
- Differential Diagnosis ... distress syndrome (ARDS ... lung injury (TRALI ... edema (Traumatic brain ... #cardiology
The Berlin Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Chest imaging - Bilateral opacities—not fully explained by
Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... effusions, lobar/lung ... >= 5cm H2O #Diagnosis ... #CriticalCare # ... ARDS #Acute #Respiratory
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... blood cells in the lung ... common causes of acute ... respiratory failure or ARDS ... Embolism: • Acute
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
irregular rhythm, new murmur ... 3/6) - Pulmonary ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... unless prior heart/lung ... stratification #diagnosis
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
presents with acute ... yeast • At risk: AIDS ... • Sinusitis • Brain ... change in the lungs ... nails, bronchi, lungs