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algorithm causes hypokalemia management acidosis alkalosis chloride gitelman high hyperkalemia hypernatremia hyponatremia hypotonic lactate lactic metabolic pathophysiology physiologic rhabdomyolysis table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Low-normal EABV ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... ULN • AST/ALT Elevation ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typea #typeb #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
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