12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Traumatic brain injury ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... differentiating kidney ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... /Potassium - Extreme ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... • Labs: - Metabolic
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Chronic progressive kidney ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Diagnosis Framework ... Exercise - Metabolic ... distal tubule sodium ... production: TLS, Crush injury ... #potassium #high
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management