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Pleural effusion is seen in:
1. Pulmonary edema
2. Lymphangitic spread of carcinoma - often unilateral
3. Tuberculosis
4. Lymphangiomyomatosis
Pleural effusion ... Pulmonary edema ... Asbestosis #Diagnosis ... #Pleural #Effusion ... #Differential #RadiologyAssistant
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
Pleural effusion ... A subpulmonic effusion ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural ... SubpulmonicEffusion #RadiologyAssistant
Diffuse consolidation
The most common cause of diffuse consolidation is pulmonary edema due to heart failure.
This is
non-cardiogenic edema ... Kerley B-lines and pleural ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR ... #Differential #RadiologyAssistant
Pleural fluid
It takes about 200-300 ml of fluid before it comes visible on an CXR (figure).
About
visible on an CXR ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR ... #Effusion #Hidden ... Volume #Diagram #RadiologyAssistant
Here another patient who had valve-replacement.
Notice the large heart size.
There is redistribution of the pulmonary vessels
#Clinical #Radiology ... #CTS #CXR #PostSurgical ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... PulmonaryEdema #RadiologyAssistant
Pleural effusion is bilateral in 70% of cases of CHF.
When unilateral, it is slightly more often
Pleural effusion ... If pleural effusion ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural ... #RadiologyAssistant
Pleural fluid may become encysted.
Here we see fluid entrapped within the fissure.
This can sometimes give the
Pleural fluid may ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Lateral # ... Effusion #Fissure ... #Pseudotumor #RadiologyAssistant
Stage II - Interstitial edema
Stage II of CHF is characterized by fluid leakage into the interlobular
- Interstitial edema ... perpendicular to the pleura ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #KerleyB ... #RadiologyAssistant
The retracted visceral pleura is seen (blue arrow) which indicates that there is a pneumothorax.
There is
retracted visceral pleura ... only key to the diagnosis ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Pneumothorax ... Hydropneumothorax #RadiologyAssistant
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... , bilateral pleural ... effusions). 1/5 ... → no signs of CXR ... #management #cardiology