36 results
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
Bell's Palsy Bell ... an identifiable cause ... The cause is unknown ... #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Normal • Renal ... - Renal infection ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
magnesium into cells ... FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Redistribution/ Shift into cells ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... smooth muscle cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... use shouldn't cause ... ACEIARB #Effects #Nephrology ... #Renal #Pathophysiology
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
Drug-induced edema is caused ... release from mast cells ... Edema #Medication #Causes ... #Differential #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause ... Normal #Saline #NS #comparison ... #pharmacology #
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... vascular endothelial cells ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... may cause serum ... patient has good renal ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology