6 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... apical membrane of cells ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #management #pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... kidney tubular cells ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Management
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
body water in comparison ... osmolality helps to differentiate ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low ... hyponatremia #ADH #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Lysis of tumor cells ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... TLS #diagnosis #management ... #hematology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low