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Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis 
 - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis 
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techniques used for Antenatal ... genetic analysis of cells ... surgery, e.g. laser photo-coagulation ... transfusion syndrome ... rhesus status #Antenatal
Schistocytes - The arrows point to schistocytes which are fragmented red blood cells. Also called schizocytes,
fragmented red blood ... In the right photo ... hemolytic- uremic syndromes ... #Clinical #Path ... #BloodSmear #Blood
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
removal from the blood ... e.g., uptake by cells ... glucose by the liver ... contribution of liver ... - Compartment syndrome
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Sjogren's Syndrome ... SLE • Mikulicz syndrome ... Pulmonary amyloidosis, PAH ... vasculitis: 10%-16% Liver ... renal tubular acidosis