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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... cells, red blood ... cells - red blood ... cells, white blood ... diagnosis #hematology #oncology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Oncologic Emergencies ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... neutrophil count < 500 cells ... Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome
The arrows point to blister cells. These cells are thought to be precursors of helmet cells.
point to blister cells ... These cells are ... precursors of helmet cells ... The photo on the ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Clinical Syndrome ... hematopoietic stem cells ... including peripheral blood ... myeloid cells ... NEJM Review: https
Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis 
 - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis 
 -
— PCR Fetal blood ... serology - Fetal blood ... genetic analysis of cells ... surgery, e.g. laser photo-coagulation ... transfusion syndrome
Codocytes (Target cells) - Two target cells are seen in the left photo and one in
) - Two target cells ... seen in the left photo ... present in the left photo ... Target cells are ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Schistocytes can assume a shape resembling natural or man-made objects such as arrowheads, fish, collar buttons,
point to helmet cells ... seen in the left photo ... cell, 2 blister cells ... In the right photo ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Polychromatophilia - Note 2 large blue-gray erythrocytes as seen on H&E stain. On a stain for
The left photo also ... and the right photo ... nucleated red blood ... cells). ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Sickle cells
These photos show sickle cells on peripheral blood smears. In the left photo target cells
photos show sickle ... blood smears. ... In the left photo ... , in the right photo ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Plasmacytomas and Plasma-Cell Leukemia - Physical examination revealed multiple exophytic subcutaneous lesions involving the arms and
A peripheral-blood ... revealed 25% plasma cells ... Leukemia #Smear #NEJM