26 results
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ... Purple #Urine #Bag #Syndrome ... #PUBS #pathophysiology ... #clinical #photo
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
convoluted tubule cells ... , principal cells ... and intercalated cells ... #Pathophysiology ... NephronRemodeling #NEJM
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... imports K+ into cells ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Clinical Syndrome ... myelodysplastic syndrome ... hematopoietic stem cells ... blood myeloid cells ... NEJM Review: https
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
Fat Embolism Syndrome ... the long bone or pelvis ... Pathophysiology ... Fat #Embolism #Syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome refers to the constellation of metabolic disturbances that occurs when large numbers of
Tumor lysis syndrome ... of neoplastic cells ... acutekidneyinjury #Pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
Particular CD4+ Th cells ... harmful -> Th Cells ... macrophages, mast cells ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Allergy #Immunology #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... : • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... Risk of Refeeding Syndrome ... PO4 and Mg into cells ... #Refeeding #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Hemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis. Panel A shows the structure of a normal red cell and a
spleen in which red cells ... between endothelial cells ... #Pathophysiology ... HereditarySpherocytosis #NEJM