35 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... cell casts - Absent ... Serum albumin - Low ... cell casts - Present ... #Diagnosis
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
: Hypovolemia, Low ... circulating volume, Urinary ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #nephrology
Intraoperative Sepsis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Severe sepsis (hypotension persisting after initial fluid challenge of
Intraoperative Sepsis ... of 30ml.kg-1 or blood ... D). ❿ Insert urinary ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Intraoperative ... #Checklist #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... consumption • Low ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
- Differential Diagnosis ... plateletcount), peripheral blood ... PLT in selected cases ... hematologic disorder ... #hematology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Intraoperative Massive Blood Loss - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Expected or unexpected major haemorrhage

❶ Call for
Intraoperative Massive ... • Communicate how ... • Communicate how ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Intraoperative ... #Checklist #Diagnosis
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... + distinctive primary ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis