133 results
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... #Pediatrics #Peds ... #Diagnosis #Management
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
Diagnosis Red Urine ... factitious disorder • Meds ... hyperbilirubinemia • Meds ... Pseudomonas • Meds ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... Proteinuria #Nephrology #Diagnosis
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
>21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin ... CRP < 20 mg/L #Diagnosis ... Management #Pediatrics #Peds
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Syndrome Chronic ... E.coli*) + alkaline urine ... #Bag #Syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Unprovoked Pediatric Seizures -  Epilepsy Syndromes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Infantile:
 • Benign
Seizures - Epilepsy Syndromes ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Dravet Syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #Peds
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
• Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hematology #Oncology #Diagnosis