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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
loss, lethargy, fever ... • Fever, weight ... be normal • Fever ... : • (Fever, weight ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Fever in Returning Travelers from Tropical Regions - Frequent Differential Diagnoses
Medical History:
 • Skin exposure to
Fever in Returning ... , Dengue fever, ... Cough, dyspnea - Pneumonia ... melioidosis, typhoid, pulmonary ... eosinophilia - Tropical pulmonary
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
Interstitial pneumonias ... is interstitial pneumonia ... PCP Mycoplasma pneumonia ... cough and some fever ... #Clinical #Radiology
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
of organizing pneumonia ... cough, dyspnea, fever ... , Pulmonary lymphoma ... #COP #BOOP #pulmonary ... ILD #diagnosis #management
Non-Resolving Pneumonias: Etiologies
Unusual Infections:
 - Immunocompromised patients (e.g.: Mycobacterium, Aspergillosis, Nocardia)
 - Endemic Fungi (e.g.: Histoplasmosis,
Non-Resolving Pneumonias ... yersinia/rats, Q fever ... Others: - Pulmonary ... #NonResolving #Pneumonia ... #diagnosis #pulmonary
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
B-Lines in case of Pneumonia ... healthy pt with fever ... /lung sliding: Pulmonary ... had Mycoplasma pneumonia ... BLines #Bilateral #Pneumonia
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
When to suspect Eosinophilic Pneumonia? Non-resolving pneumonia + BAL > 25% eosinophils + excluded more
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... Non-resolving pneumonia ... tobacco hx - Fever ... Consolidations AKA "inverse pulmonary ... #diagnosis #pulmonary
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Pregnancy • Fever ... • Rheumatic Fever ... • Rheumatic Fever ... • Rheumatic Fever ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology
Approach to Eosinophilic Lung Diseases
 • Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (< 1 wk) - ~30yo, M; Recent
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... initiation of smoking; Fever ... brown sputum, fever ... Travel hx, food hx; Fever ... Lung #Diseases #pulmonary
A Non-Invasive approach to Respiratory Failure
 • COPD and Ventilatory Failure → NiPPV with Bi-level Settings
NiPPV with Bi-level ... Settings • CHF / Pulmonary ... NiPPV CPAP or Bi-level ... Settings • Pneumonia ... Respiratory #Failure #management