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diagnosis differential management rheumatology cardiology hepatology dermatology table classification clinical hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis reactions vasculitis acute algorithm ascites blood cppd emergencies
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
• Periodic fever ... multiorgan failure • Fever ... - Nonremitting fever ... ALT ↑ bilirubin level ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids
Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Differential Diagnosis • Infection: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Abscess, Endocarditis,
Causes of Fever ... Lemierre's syndrome ... Brucellosis, Q fever ... Malignancy: - Hematologic ... , Factitious fever
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
• Clinical: fever ... , ↓ Fibrinogen level ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... Treatment: •
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
Overwhelming clinical syndrome ... age, however the disease ... following: • Fever ... • Bicytopenia Treatment ... #hematology
Fever vs Hyperthermia Fever: • Regulated in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center • "Set point" raised by prostaglandin
Fever vs Hyperthermia ... Fever: • Regulated ... ; Serotonin syndrome ... BrighamChiefs #Fever ... #Hyperthermia #comparison
Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) vs. Kawasaki Disease CDC Case Definition for MIS-C; • < 21
Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome ... Kawasaki Disease ... CDC Case Definition ... years old with fever ... MISC #Kawasaki #Comparison
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework BRADI Mnemonic • BRASH/Hyperkalemia • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp • ACS • Drugs •
Diptheria • Typhoid fever ... Acute rheumatic fever ... Psittacosis • Q fever ... • Yellow fever ... #cardiology #BRADI
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... deficiency • Liver ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome ... mountain spotted fever ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Ascites Normal Peritoneum Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL) 1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... - Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Liver disease ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Mediterranean fever
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... death Neutropenic Fever ... Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome
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